The Complete Mystery of Madeleine McCann™
Welcome to 'The Complete Mystery of Madeleine McCann' forum 🌹

Please log in, or register to view all the forums as some of them are 'members only', then settle in and help us get to the truth about what really happened to Madeleine Beth McCann.

When you register please do NOT use your email address for a username because everyone will be able to see it!

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Mm11

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Regist10
The Complete Mystery of Madeleine McCann™
Welcome to 'The Complete Mystery of Madeleine McCann' forum 🌹

Please log in, or register to view all the forums as some of them are 'members only', then settle in and help us get to the truth about what really happened to Madeleine Beth McCann.

When you register please do NOT use your email address for a username because everyone will be able to see it!

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Mm11

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Regist10

Justice or Whitewash?

Page 3 of 6 Previous  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6  Next

View previous topic View next topic Go down

Justice or a whitewash?

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Vote_lcap52%whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Vote_rcap 52% 
[ 125 ]
whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Vote_lcap48%whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Vote_rcap 48% 
[ 117 ]
 
Total Votes : 242
 
 

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by thetruthbeknown 26.10.13 21:45

plebgate wrote:I have no knowledge of how police go about their business but if one of them had cracked, told everything, (whatever that is) why wouldn't the cops haul them all in, tell them that they have a confession and know everything.  

If one of them has cracked I think they would be asking for a deal for their partner as well, so that would mean that at least two had "told all"?

Why not just arrest the lot, questions and then bail them pending further enquiries?

This is what happens on the cops shows lol.
You still have to have proof..it doesnt matter who says what...I guess we will see what happens as the case progresses :)
avatar
thetruthbeknown

Posts : 273
Activity : 282
Likes received : 1
Join date : 2013-10-21

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by plebgate 26.10.13 21:50

Yes you still have to have proof that is why people are bailed and police continue with their enquiries?

If I were on the the tapas crew and police told me that they had (possibly) two people who had "cracked", then I think I might well "crack" also and try and make things easier (if that is possible) for both my partner and myself.  Anyone with any sense would I think?

As you say, we will have to wait and see. smilie
avatar
plebgate

Posts : 6729
Activity : 8938
Likes received : 2123
Join date : 2013-02-01

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by Beanie 26.10.13 21:51

susible wrote:
Beanie wrote:Well after reading Pat Brown's new post I am feeling very down sad
Whilst I admire Pat Brown for her stance in relation to the case, I think we have to remember that she is just voicing her opinion and I have noticed that recently she's been particularly negative about the possible outcome of the case, but I don't think her views are based on any real information, how could it be and although I do understand why people may not believe that there will be a satisfactory outcome, I don't see any justification for those opinions, in fact I see the total opposite.
Thank you susible I will hold on to that. Also the fact that Goncalo Amaral seems to accept the reopening of the case.
avatar
Beanie

Posts : 238
Activity : 243
Likes received : 3
Join date : 2012-02-09

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by thetruthbeknown 26.10.13 22:02

plebgate wrote:Yes you still have to have proof that is why people are bailed and police continue with their enquiries?

If I were on the the tapas crew and police told me that they had (possibly) two people who had "cracked", then I think I might well "crack" also and try and make things easier (if that is possible) for both my partner and myself.  Anyone with any sense would I think?

As you say, we will have to wait and see. smilie
Yes, the 'crack' is just a theory smilie  But after the last time...they wont be taking any chances I wouldnd think..they would want this one signed sealed and delivered, yes?
avatar
thetruthbeknown

Posts : 273
Activity : 282
Likes received : 1
Join date : 2013-10-21

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by Bobby Peru 26.10.13 23:00

Justice.

A whitewash would have to entail both NYS and PJ putting all their chips on the abduction theory; a theory that, in my opinion, has little merit.

What evidence do either NYS or PJ have to support the notion that an individual or a team prosecuted a precise extraction of a three year old from an apartment in a holiday complex, effected a swift escape, and ensured that their captive remains out of sight for the next six years?

Here's the evidence that both NYS and PJ will have to chew over when attempting to justify any abduction hypothesis:

Forensic evidence - nil evidence that points to abduction
Physical evidence - errr, still nil evidence that would point to an abduction
Witness evidence - believe it or not, still no evidence that would support the abduction theory, i.e. not once single verified sighting of Madeleine being smuggled out of PDL.

That's a real head-scratcher for the abduction-mongers.

In order to pull off the crime of this, or any other millennium for that matter - a crime with no trace of forensic evidence to point to abductors. no physical evidence of any intrusion, and nobody positively identifying either Madeleine or her tormentors - this group would not only have to be highly organised but also possess a high degree of sophistication in order to succeed in such a spectacular way. Therefore, it's highly likely there would have been a history of similar abductions, remembering that if it were abduction it was almost certainly a preferential crime as two easier targets were eschewed.

Their modus operandi would have been perfected, but guess what folks, there's no history of abductions that replicate what occurred at the OC. 

Does anybody seriously believe that person or persons unknown had evolved from bungled forced entry attempts at PDL, including the fabled 'dry-run', to a crime that was not only perfectly executed, but also managed to leave real evidence that implicated K&G and pointed to a cadaver having been present in 5a?

Would such sophisticated operators be so capricious that they would risk hanging around a select holiday resort on the vague off-chance that they would stumble upon a couple of well-educated middle-class stooges who happen to think it's acceptable to leave a three year-old in charge of 18 month twins whilst they repair to a tapas bar on the p!ss? What a perfect storm that would have to be.

Both NYS and PJ know full well that any hypothesis has to be put to rigorous test. The abduction theory fails every test.

However....... how likely is it for one or two individuals with narcissistic psychopathy to evolve from neglect to physical abuse? This cannot be lost on either NYS or PJ. 

Both NYS OR PJ are as likely to give away their game plan as Arsene Wenger is of disclosing his tactics for next week's encounter against Liverpool.
avatar
Bobby Peru

Posts : 21
Activity : 21
Likes received : 0
Join date : 2013-10-15

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by Lance De Boils 26.10.13 23:33

Woofer wrote:If it is a whitewash, it will obviously be to protect the McCanns. I doubt there would be a whitewash if they were solely guilty - I think they would have been charged by now.  But if they were part of an organisation like Operation Ore to lure and trap paedophiles, obviously Jim Gamble is going to back them and probably our police force and government.  All the Tapas could be in the know if it had been going on for a few years and would explain why DP asked GM if `she did this and that` as they would be using their children as lures.  All little blonde girls and one in particularly who wore make up sometimes and posed provocatively.  If the detectives who were watching the apartment out on the street missed catching the paedos, the operation would be to blame. It is really the only reason I can think of them legitimately being protected. This is just a suggestion and not to be taken as true.
That has crossed my mind before now.

But then, virtually every scenario possible has crossed my mind at some point!
Lance De Boils
Lance De Boils

Posts : 988
Activity : 1053
Likes received : 25
Join date : 2011-12-06

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by Cerinthe 27.10.13 0:58

I'm a don't know too, so I didn't vote.

Going by past events whitewash would be the obvious conclusion.  The McCanns have got away with it this far, clearly with some help, so why would this time around be any different?

On the other hand my heart holds out for justice: Madeleine doesn't rest in peace and she deserves the real story of what happened to her to be revealed. 

I think the outcome of the libel trial will show which way the wind is blowing.  The Portuguese police files point to the parents being involved, the dogs say that someone died in the apartment.  Both those things are still outstanding. 

Head says whitewash, heart stays hopeful.
avatar
Cerinthe

Posts : 67
Activity : 73
Likes received : 0
Join date : 2013-09-24

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by loopzdaloop 27.10.13 1:02

Enough of this 'whitewash' nonsense with not a shred of anything to support the idea yet, considering we know very little from Redwood Et al.
loopzdaloop
loopzdaloop

Posts : 389
Activity : 481
Likes received : 60
Join date : 2013-02-01

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by lj 27.10.13 2:31

It all depends on what you call justice and white wash I think. I never believed in preplanned murder or paedophile theories, although I have to admit I find David Payne and Jon Conner very creepy, their statements are really off. My best guess is that there was an accident, maybe under some sedation, and they hid the body.
However, whatever happened, the parents are at the core of it, because of their neglect. Yes, I know, a lot of you don't believe in the neglect, but I do. Really a sane person could not make that up.

So for me justice would mean coming up with an acceptable explanantion, dead paedos are not. Furthermore the disastrous role of the parents should be made public so Kate never can say again: "it's not as if we did something wrong". On an aside, I would have Kate write 10x per day "yes, I did something wrong", maybe that will get through to her head.

The role of the various McCann enablers should be laid out.

I do not believe that the cover up is because the McCanns are something special, because they clearly are not. From the beginning I have said that they had a lot of people out of sympathy jumping their bandwagon and playing their tune. They did do that with a lot of noise and some very shady activities. "Important" people don't want to look stupid. But the stupidity only grew with each further attempt to "save" the pathetic parents. Can you imagine how Andy would look if he has to go on the screen again and tell the world that the only culprits are the parents? it really would look like a big satire, so that's not gonna happen. Therefore I don't believe there will be full clarity and justice. Too many people beside Andy that have eggs on their face, just think of Leveson to name an example. The timing of this enormous media violence in itself says enough: Dr. Amaral has to be silenced, even if it is through making a lot of noise on other channels. Anything goes.


ETA: I am just starting on the WOW thread. It will probably link to gary Hagland. Anyway, just confirms what I was trying to say.

____________________
"And if Madeleine had hurt herself inside the apartment, why would that be our fault?"  Gerry

[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]

[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
lj
lj

Posts : 3329
Activity : 3590
Likes received : 208
Join date : 2009-12-01

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by lj 27.10.13 5:24

loopzdaloop wrote:Enough of this 'whitewash' nonsense with not a shred of anything to support the idea yet, considering we know very little from Redwood Et al.
So you want people only to choose "justice"? Well there's a freedom of speech.

____________________
"And if Madeleine had hurt herself inside the apartment, why would that be our fault?"  Gerry

[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]

[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
lj
lj

Posts : 3329
Activity : 3590
Likes received : 208
Join date : 2009-12-01

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by SixMillionQuid 27.10.13 7:36

loopzdaloop wrote:Enough of this 'whitewash' nonsense with not a shred of anything to support the idea yet, considering we know very little from Redwood Et al.
Can you explain how after a 2.5 year review of the case the parents are not suspects, will suddenly become suspects again? How will that happen?
SixMillionQuid
SixMillionQuid

Posts : 436
Activity : 445
Likes received : 7
Join date : 2013-10-15

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by The Rooster 27.10.13 8:00

Put the kids up as lures to aid the capture of nonces. Who the f**k is going to allow their children to be used for that purpose. Regarding the whitewash scenario, I don't believe a word that the British press publish. From the Telegraph to the Star they are all a disgrace. If you want to whitewash you don't air the dirty laundry in public.  The McCann's are filthy and have only got away with events so far because they have fortunately for them been caught between two jurisdictions. Well they aren't now because two sides are playing for a credible outcome with the two freaks in the middle.

When the police do a raid it's at 5.00am not tea time. 

____________________
F J Leghorn
"DOO-Dah! DOO-Dah-Day!"
The Rooster
The Rooster

Posts : 429
Activity : 525
Likes received : 94
Join date : 2011-04-12
Age : 78
Location : Virginia

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by The Rooster 27.10.13 8:19

Great post from Bobby Peru. I like the thought process. With regards to the Arsenal - Liverpool game Wengers bet over 2.5 Goals; so it doesn't matter who wins, the McCanns lose... So to speak!

____________________
F J Leghorn
"DOO-Dah! DOO-Dah-Day!"
The Rooster
The Rooster

Posts : 429
Activity : 525
Likes received : 94
Join date : 2011-04-12
Age : 78
Location : Virginia

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by Praiaaa 27.10.13 9:04

I'm also of the opinion that JT cracked (who wouldn't after the pressure of these years, with her kids growing up - how can she have had a blissful family life is she was waiting for the 5am knock at the door?) , and imo the quidproquo was the face saving finding of crecheman.
avatar
Praiaaa

Posts : 426
Activity : 497
Likes received : 45
Join date : 2011-04-17

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty PJ searches for Maddie's body again

Post by MarleneP 29.10.13 7:55

[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]

Hypothesis of homicide is investigated by the authorities. Follow the investigation with CM.

by Ana Isabel Fonseca/ Tânia Laranjo

The Judiciary Police has already taken steps to try to find Maddie's body, following the reopening of the case. The hypothesis that the British girl was murdered is one of the lines of investigation being followed by the inspectors. The thesis of homicide integrates the framework of a kidnapping for reasons connected to paedophilia.

The CM knows that the Judiciary Police has undertaken several steps in recent days to try to discover Maddie's body, who disappeared on the night of May 3, 2007 from her bedroom at the tourist resort of the Ocean Club in Praia da Luz, Lagos.

The inspectors in charge of the case have for that matter presented evidence supporting this hypothesis to the Public Ministry, who decided, last Thursday, to reopen the investigation.

Shortly after the disappearance of Madeleine, the PJ took steps to try to find the cadaver, but those proved fruitless. Inspectors received at the time several false leads about the possible location of the girl's corpse, who was at the time the crime, three years old.

The Judiciary Police also heard several witnesses and returned to the village of Praia da Luz. There, the inspectors took the opportunity to check the location of mobile phone masts.

[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
avatar
MarleneP

Posts : 110
Activity : 112
Likes received : 0
Join date : 2013-10-27

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by PeterMac 29.10.13 8:06

Yet again the phones are being mentioned.
PeterMac
PeterMac
Investigator

Posts : 13965
Activity : 16968
Likes received : 2075
Join date : 2010-12-06

http://whatreallyhappenedtomadeleinemccann.blogspot.co.uk/

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by russiandoll 29.10.13 8:58

quote :   The thesis of homicide integrates the framework of a kidnapping for reasons connected to paedophilia.

    so taken by paedophiles would appear to be one among other theories in the homicide scenario.

____________________



             The great enemy of the truth is very often not the lie — deliberate,
contrived and dishonest — but the myth — persistent, persuasive and
unrealistic.
~John F. Kennedy

russiandoll
russiandoll

Posts : 3942
Activity : 4058
Likes received : 15
Join date : 2011-09-11

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by plebgate 29.10.13 9:02

The Rooster wrote:Put the kids up as lures to aid the capture of nonces. Who the f**k is going to allow their children to be used for that purpose. Regarding the whitewash scenario, I don't believe a word that the British press publish. From the Telegraph to the Star they are all a disgrace. If you want to whitewash you don't air the dirty laundry in public.  The McCann's are filthy and have only got away with events so far because they have fortunately for them been caught between two jurisdictions. Well they aren't now because two sides are playing for a credible outcome with the two freaks in the middle.

When the police do a raid it's at 5.00am not tea time. 
I knew I had read that somewhere.  Thanks The Rooster for commenting on it.
avatar
plebgate

Posts : 6729
Activity : 8938
Likes received : 2123
Join date : 2013-02-01

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by plebgate 29.10.13 9:04

russiandoll wrote:quote :   The thesis of homicide integrates the framework of a kidnapping for reasons connected to paedophilia.

    so taken by paedophiles would appear to be one among other theories in the homicide scenario.
Yes it does by the look of it, but the PJ must know about the dogs alerts?
avatar
plebgate

Posts : 6729
Activity : 8938
Likes received : 2123
Join date : 2013-02-01

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Finding it hard to see how it can end up as a whitewash.

Post by joti26 29.10.13 10:44

I am finding it really difficult to see right now how this will ever end or go away unless either a body or Madeleine is found. There are just too many people involved and too many unanswered questions for it to be a whitewash. Looking at all the different possible scenarios the risk of someone somewhere at some point in time talking is just too great. So just a few thoughts here.

1/ If it's a pedophile ring involved whether directly or indirectly involved eventually someone will eventually talk to save their own neck. No one involved is 'safe'. Especially in view of the increasing public awareness of just how many people in the public eye or high powers are accused or being accused of involvement. Since the Saville case and all the others have been brought to public attention no pedophile is 'safe' regardless of their position or power. The public or victims will no longer be silenced on this.

2/ If it is the McCanns and any of the others were aware I think again that in time someone will spill the beans especially as they will never be allowed to forget. The mere fact that this is just not going to go away until a resolution is reached must be a continual dig in someones conscience. I can see how at the beginning someone could go along with it but over time and not being allowed to sweep it under the carpet means it has not and will not go away. Could they keep living with this when time has already proven it will not go away?
 
3/If it is a cover up on behalf of the government or police then again someone somewhere in time could potentially blow the whistle. There would in any case be too many people involved in this to be silenced forever. While there is this possibility no one involved could consider themselves 'safe'. 

There surely has to be some kind of resolution and am living in hope it is soon for everyone's sake!
joti26
joti26

Posts : 37
Activity : 45
Likes received : 0
Join date : 2013-10-27

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by Praiaaa 29.10.13 11:05

Joti26 - very well made points. I agree. This relentless PR campaign was a very high risk strategy and is now imploding.
The T& must have realised very rapidly that it was a complete nightmare, and must be living hell, particularly Fiona Payne.
avatar
Praiaaa

Posts : 426
Activity : 497
Likes received : 45
Join date : 2011-04-17

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by Sockpuppet 29.10.13 12:44

Regarding the reason the McCanns are not officially suspects at the current time, i.e. yet:

Watch an episode of Columbo ;-)

____________________

avatar
Sockpuppet

Posts : 188
Activity : 196
Likes received : 4
Join date : 2013-10-21

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by Angelique 29.10.13 14:26

For me I think its a whitewash.

We are back to gypsies again!

[You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]

____________________
Things aren't always what they seem
Angelique
Angelique

Posts : 1396
Activity : 1460
Likes received : 42
Join date : 2010-10-19

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by notlongnow 29.10.13 14:38

Dodgy gypsies
Dodgy charity workers
Dodgy dutch & Germans
Wandering parents with flaked out kids in pj's
Smell of death in apartments
Dodgy paedos

Welcome to PDL the family resort.
avatar
notlongnow

Posts : 482
Activity : 541
Likes received : 47
Join date : 2013-10-16

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by Guest 29.10.13 14:52

notlongnow wrote:Dodgy gypsies
Dodgy charity workers
Dodgy dutch & Germans
Wandering parents with flaked out kids in pj's
Smell of death in apartments
Dodgy paedos

Welcome to PDL the family resort.
Your forgot the cleaners & the white van big grin
Anonymous
Guest
Guest


Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by notlongnow 29.10.13 14:55

candyfloss wrote:
notlongnow wrote:Dodgy gypsies
Dodgy charity workers
Dodgy dutch & Germans
Wandering parents with flaked out kids in pj's
Smell of death in apartments
Dodgy paedos

Welcome to PDL the family resort.
Your forgot the cleaners & the white van big grin
duh 

Thought it was to short a list.



I do wonder if there is a power struggle going on behind the scenes.
Some trying to whitewash it the other side starting to chip away at the truth.

These gypsy stories seem very convienient/timely.
avatar
notlongnow

Posts : 482
Activity : 541
Likes received : 47
Join date : 2013-10-16

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by plebgate 29.10.13 14:55

I should think there may be one or two men with dodgy backs after all that carrying of children around.big grin

____________________
Judge Judy to shifty  witnesses   -    LOOK AT ME  -   Um is not an answer.

If I forget to add it to a post everything is In My Opinion and I don't know anything for sure.
[You must be registered and logged in to see this image.]
avatar
plebgate

Posts : 6729
Activity : 8938
Likes received : 2123
Join date : 2013-02-01

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by Seek truth 29.10.13 15:49

plebgate wrote:I should think there may be one or two men with dodgy backs after all that carrying of children around.big grin
Yes getting too silly now, can't stop laughing with what you just said. rotfl 

Is the crèche called Barefooted Pyjama resort, come and play barefooted you can leave their shoes and clothes behind. Drop off 7pm pick up 10pm, they can sleep for 3hours while you go out at night.
avatar
Seek truth

Posts : 447
Activity : 449
Likes received : 2
Join date : 2013-06-04

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by noddy100 29.10.13 15:56

Is there any truth in rumours that the Ocean Club had spoken to them about Maddie crying previous to Mrs Fenn
avatar
noddy100

Posts : 701
Activity : 760
Likes received : 39
Join date : 2013-05-17

Back to top Go down

whitewash - Justice or Whitewash? - Page 3 Empty Re: Justice or Whitewash?

Post by ultimaThule 29.10.13 16:50

plebgate wrote:I should think there may be one or two men with dodgy backs after all that carrying of children around.  big grin
lol!@plebgate

Is there any mention in the files of the PJ making enquiries of Luz's pharmacies as to whether any men had bought linament or muscle rub on Friday 4 May 2007, or asking local chiropractors if they had treated any pock marked, blond haired, or featureless men with back problems in the days following the child's disappearance? laughat
ultimaThule
ultimaThule

Posts : 3355
Activity : 3376
Likes received : 7
Join date : 2013-09-18

Back to top Go down

Page 3 of 6 Previous  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6  Next

View previous topic View next topic Back to top

- Similar topics

 
Permissions in this forum:
You cannot reply to topics in this forum